Redundancy ensures stability. Resilience enables recovery. Together they form the architecture of continuity.
Redundant systems allow for fallback. Resilient systems allow for reconfiguration, adaptation, and restart.
In design, these traits appear in structure, enclosure, infrastructure, and even user experience. Redundancy might be spatial,
material, or systemic. Resilience is how the built environment bends, absorbs, or transforms in the face of stress.